Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1558 Words

ESRA TAN PROF. JACK LYNCH ENGLISH 232, SPRING 2015 MARCH 3 2015 SAFIE in FRANKENSTEIN The novel of Frankenstein was written by Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, later known as Mary Shelley, whose parents William Godwin; philosopher and political writer, and Mary Wollstonecraft; famed feminist philosopher who died only 11 days after her birth. Even though Mary Shelley couldn’t spend time with her mother, she inherited her mother’s feminist thoughts. Mary Wollstonecraft was a strong advocate of woman’s rights and she lived to challenge for women to be treated as equals as men in patriarchal society and their right to education. When Frankenstein was still being written, it was the time women authors newly emerged and tried to take a stand in patriarchal society and its structure. Even though Mary Shelley inspired by her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft who believed in equality in between sexes, chose to write her story using three narratives, all men. All the women characters represented society’s expectation of women at that time through male perception. Frankenstein appears to contradict with her mother’s work with the weak, passive and submissive female characters. Unsurprisingly, many female characters’ faiths are the death; Elizabeth is murdered by the monster and Justine’s death by the justice system. However, The Arabian girl Safie displays a strong character in the novel. She is the only female character who disobeysShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose authors like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenment, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1615 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole and how accurate a depiction they might think it to be, they will miss out on many of the qualities of the painting that reside below the immediately apparent surface level. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a text dedicated to expounding upon the dangers of such superficial analysis. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley openly condemns the surface level and appearance oriented methodology under which the human mind operates. The very protagonist of the novel is inspired solely by reputation and howRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanityRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Frankenstein1410 Words   |  6 Pagescompassion and sympathy through the love of a person whom cares very deeply about them. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the three main characters Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and Frankenstein (The Monster) are shown throughout the story, longing and in search for a companion. Throughout the story, the characters struggle with the battle of wanting either sympathy or compassion from a person or both. Mary Shelley shows the true indication of Human Nature by showing the importance of sympathy andRead MoreAnalysis of Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 Pagesalive. If it can learn, eventually speak, or came about because of another, it’s a person. The Creature of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is no exception. Victor’s creation needs nourishment, education, and morals, which should be provided by it’s creator, it’s parent, just like any other child. The way that needs of an individual are met shapes the outcome of their life. In her novel, Shelley demonstrates this impact that parents have on their child’s life through the contrasting upbringing of VictorRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1701 Words   |  7 Pages Frankenstein is a novel that is practically devoid of any female presence, yet author Mary Shelley pens a story that is lush with portrayals of feminine ideology. Throughout the course of this novel, the audience is introduced to three different female characters. The first is Elizabeth Lavenza— Victor Frankenstein’s wife. She is presented as a passive and weak woman who embodies the traditional role of women in the 19th century. Caroline Beaufort is present in the novel, but her role is limitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1038 Words   |  5 PagesAlexi Torres English III Dr. W.W. Allman December 1, 2015 Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, she shows that good people can turn evil, but are not born this way. Humans being rude and isolating someone can make a person go insane and do things they are not proud of. Shelley shows this through the creature that Frankenstein creates and gives examples showing his evilness, but also shows that the creature tries to explain many times that he wants a friend and cannot find one becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1088 Words   |  5 PagesCreature’s Argument In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the Creature s only need is for a female companion, which he asks Victor Frankenstein his maker to create. Shelley shows the argument between the creature and Frankenstein. The creature says: I demand a creature of another sex, but as hideous as myself (Shelley 139). Shelley shows what the creature wants from Frankenstein and what his needs are. Shelley gives us an idea of the sympathy that Frankenstein might feel for the creature evenRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wretch Frankenstein is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about a peculiar scientist named Victor Frankenstein. Victor, who is a scientist endeavoring to make history, engenders a monstrous but attentive creature in an eccentric scientific experiment. The monster that he engenders faces abnegation and fear from his creator and society. The monster is the worst kind of scientific experiment gone awry. The creature has compassion for society but additionally wants to take revenge on

Meat, China, And Communication Revolutions - 1373 Words

Meat, China, and Communication Revolutions In Armand Mattelart’s book The Invention of Communication, the word â€Å"communication† is acknowledged as term with a great number of meanings. However, Mattelart proposes that communication could be specifically understood as â€Å"circuits of circulation of goods, people, and messages† (Mattelart xiv). This definition is critical to the thesis of this paper, because it alludes to industry being an essential component of communication. This paper will explore two specific industries: the meat packing industry of the late 19th century and the exportation of consumer goods from contemporary China. I will argue that these are both examples of communication revolutions due to their innate ability to cause†¦show more content†¦First, let’s consider Gustavus Swift and his meat packing company, and how everything from the invention of the refrigerated rail cart, to becoming one of the first companies to utili ze vertical integration exemplifies communication revolution. As Professor Gary Fields explains in an essay about communication and G. F. Swift, before the late 19th century, meat was a localized affair in which few Americans participated. In order for local butchers to get their meat, shipments of live cattle would come from the midwest. This was incredibly inefficient, as not all of the cow was edible. The cost of shipping was high, so the butcher would have to charge a pretty penny for the final cut of meat. Due to both the cost and lack of advertisement of beef, public interest in meat was low. In comes Gustavus Franklin Swift, an entrepreneur who realized the potential in meat packing, and helped fund the invention of the refrigerated rail cart. This technological wonder allowed cattle to be butchered first, and then have the meat shipped over long distances. This eliminated any unnecessary waste from being shipped, which meant money was saved and the company could charge consumers less than local butchers. In 1880, Swift had one cattle supplier, oneShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Risks Of Conducting Business Operations In China1088 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational markets. China is one of the largest and wealthiest markets that companies must consider. While China’s large, booming market is attractive for companies looking to expand, the risks in China are large as well. Companies not only have to analyze bottom line figures, but they must also analyze are the barriers of culture, political views, and the ethics and morals of their company. Over 20% of the world’s total population resides in China. The most recent survey assigns China a total populationRead More France Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages It welcomes tourists from all over the world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The revolution of 1789 was a very important part of history. The people could be divided into three groups, the Nobles, the Clergy, and the rest. At this time the peasants owned 80 percent of the land, but had no rights at all. To add to their misery, the food was in short supply. It is estimated that on the eve of the French Revolution one-fifth of the population had no resources at all. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;WorldRead MoreKhrushchevs Time in Office Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the Hungarian Revolution hurt the Soviets, it confirmed that the Soviet Union would use force if necessary to maintain control over its satellite states in Eastern Europe. Outside the Soviet sphere of control, China grew increasingly restless under Chinese Communist Party. Against Khrushchev’s wishes, China embarked on a nuclear arms program, declaring in 1960 that communism could defeat imperialism in a nuclear war. The dispute between China and the Soviet UnionRead MoreWhy Mongol Empire Is So Amazing?1776 Words   |  8 Pageswere not barbarians; they were born into a harsh climate forcing them to be cruel by our standing in order to survive. Being constantly occupied with survival, they had no time to learn a more sophisticated way of life, as the sedentary peoples of China and Iran had. Nomads were not mentally inferior, but specialists in survival against severe odds. However, the Mongolians remained like that until unification under Genghis Khan, did they become the Mongol nation. They had their own culture and theirRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1606 Words   |  7 Pageslimited resources and knowledge, communication between countries on the opposite end of the world was extremely slow or not possible. Most people did not know much about other lands, people, and cultures. What people thought they knew about the world was often wrong or inaccurate. However, within the past hundred years, the pace of our technology has accelerated rapidly. Nowadays traveling across the globe in less than 24 hours is not a dream anymore. Communications between two distant individualsRead MoreThe Human Web: Class Notes3179 Words   |  13 PagesEncompassed Russia up to Siberia, Korea Japan, England, Northern Eastern Africa (but not far from the coast). ïÆ'Ëœ There were two main trunk lines for trade: o The Silk Road: from N. China to the Mediterranean and Black Seas. ï‚ § This route declined due to conquering tribes creating fragmentation o By Sea: Korea, Japan, China through SE Asian Isles, to the Persian Gulf Red Sea ïÆ'Ëœ The Eastern and Western extremities of the web strengthened due to shared advances in ship design and navigational skills Read MoreHistory of the Philippine Agriculture9560 Words   |  39 Pages7). The Philippines’ labor productivity remains far ahead those of large, populous countries such as China and India; it is also greater than the neighboring Southeast Asian countries of Vietnam, Indonesia, and even Thailand. However labor productivity lags behind countries with higher per capita incomes, such as Malaysia, Brazil, and Chile. Moreover, some of the low productivity countries (China, India, and Vietnam) have experienced a more rapid labor productivity growth in the 1990s. It may beRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Welfare State4694 Words   |  19 Pagesagainst one another, proposalling the minimum cost. Spar and Yoffie (2005) describes globalization that is expand of business firms and business concerns across international borders. Today, the global relat ions can be seen in market, technology, communications, law, culture and values. As companies significantly remark their markets to involve wide surround of the globe, transfrontier flows of capital, technology and trade have boomed ( Spar et al., 2005). When the effects of globalization on the welfareRead MoreRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 PagesCHAPTER 21 Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–1850 I. Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth-Century Crisis A. Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises 1. Rivalry among the European powers intensified in the early 1600s as the Dutch Attacked Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas and in Asia. In the 1600s and 1700s the British then checked Dutch commercial and colonial ambitions and went on to defeat France in the Seven Years War (1756–1763)Read MoreResearch Paper - Organic Farming2707 Words   |  11 Pagesincreasingly automated farms spread across the landscape, and these factory farms put the synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, and mass-rearing techniques developed in the 1920s into widespread use. Amidst this agricultural industrial revolution, several wise pioneers of the organic movement emerged, bear the dangers of ecological insensitivity and calling for a return to the responsible farming methods of the past (Suzuki, 2002). Therefore, it is time to put all environmental caring

Wind power Free Essays

Is The Use Of Wind Power A Viable Option For Energy Hungry Cities? Introduction Wind power is the transition of air current energy into electricity utilizing air current turbines With the universe ‘s eyes on renewable energy, air current power has been deemed a really feasible option. Wind Energy is portion of Business Exchange. Wind energy as a power beginning is attractive as an option to fossil fuels its plentiful, renewable widely distributed and produces no green house gases. We will write a custom essay sample on Wind power or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wind power is one such beginning and this study investigates the possibility of powering metropoliss, either entirely or in combination with other sustainable power beginnings. Around the Earth air current power is turning fast, with an addition of over 30 % in installed capacity last twelvemonth. Sustainability And Integrated Energy Production Sustainability has many definitions it can be best explained in as a method in reaping or utilizing a resource so that the resource is non depleted or damaged for good. The ability to supply for the demands of the universe ‘s current population without damaging the ability of future coevalss to supply for themselves. When a procedure is sustainable, it can be carried out over and over without any negative environmental jeopardies or impossibly high costs to anyone involved. Regardless of the account and cultural differences most should hold that sustainability is the thought of reaping a resource to run into whatever people ‘s demands are without consuming or significantly cut downing the resource whilst besides non bring forthing any harmful effects upon the local or planetary environment. Is sustainability feasible and possible in today ‘s universe with energy hungry metropoliss and can weave be one of the options to doing renewable sustainable energy viable for metropoliss ; this is the inquiry explored in the undermentioned subdivisions. Wind Power Wind power is a signifier of energy Wind power is the transition of air current energy into a utile signifier of energy, such as electricity, utilizing air current turbines. By the terminal of 2008, worldwide nameplate capacity of wind-powered generators was 121.2 gig Watts In 2008, air current power produced about 1.5 % of world-wide electricity use and is turning quickly, holding doubled in the three old ages between 2005 and 2008. . The turbines can be used separately to power little distant installings that have low power demands such as H2O pumping Stationss or single places. This is ideal to take advantage of an country ‘s available air current, land usage and the economic sciences of bring forthing electricity by and large requires a centralize production agreement ; all to run into the of all time increasing demands of metropoliss and towns power demands whilst minimising the environmental impact related to power coevals and to some extent the impact of power transmittal Placement Of Turbines Turbines can be placed on land or offshore over H2O ( lakes, seas, oceans ) where land is non openly available. Requirements Wind turbines require consistent predominating air currents between 3m/s1 ( 7 mph2 ) and 25m/s ( 56 miles per hour ) . The optimal air current velocity for air current turbines is around 16m/s ( 36 miles per hour ) ( Macfarlane Generators, 2006 ) . Unfortunately, non all parts of the universe have these demands. Typical big air current turbines have the undermentioned demands Wind Turbine Area and Height Requirements ( Macfarlane Generators, 2006 ) Minimal pes print ( for tower merely ) 4 – 5 m ( 12 – 15 foot ) Average tower tallness 50 – 80 m ( 150 – 240 foot ) The blades of turbines can widen some 50 or 60m. This means puting weave turbines near tall edifices requires careful planning Environmental Effectss Wind Power Unlike All Other Energy Producing Sources Do Have Impact On Environment 1 ) Increased Lightning Strikes – the towers attract lightning. 2 ) Noise Pollution – Turbines produce low frequence noise ( in the scope of 13- 18 Hz at about 50db ) ( American Wind Energy Association, 2006 ) . 3 ) Television/Radio Interference – This has been mostly reduced by utilizing composite stuffs in building. 4 ) Aesthetics A ; Visual Intrusions – Tall towers are non attractive to many people and can destroy the landscape of an country. 5 ) Property Value impact – Fears falling belongings values by occupants is besides an impact issue. To day of the month no survey on this issue has shown these frights to be true. 6 ) Tourism – It is good for metropoliss to advance their air current farms as a signifier of green touristry and to educate visitants and locals on the positive facets of renewable energy. 7 ) Birds, Bats, Insects and Other Flying Animals – Turbines can kill winging animate beings. This impact can be minimized by understanding migration forms and utilizing supersonic warning devices. 8 ) Global Warming A ; Green House Gases – Wind turbines use zero burning and therefore hold zero emanations. 9 ) Renewable Source of Energy – The air current is a wholly renewable beginning of energy. Options And Other Renewable Beginnings 1a ) Hydroelectric has zero nursery gas emanations, provides good return for investing, and low care. The job of handiness bounds usage of this resource. 1b ) Geothermal has zero nursery emanations and has low care. The jobs are handiness of ‘hot ‘ musca volitanss and emanation of heat into the environment ( rivers ) . 1c ) Tidal power shows important promise, nevertheless, the handiness of suited locations ( about land locked basins ) is debatable. It has zero emanations but has some important environmental impacts upon local wildlife. 1d ) Wave power is really much in its babyhood and suffers greatly from an highly rough and hard environment. The capitol costs versus power end product topographic point this engineering forthrightly still in the research and development phase. 1e ) Solar either in the signifier of photovoltaic ( electrical production ) or H2O heating offers sensible returns for place proprietors and can easy be incorporated into the building of edifices. Non-Renewable Beginnings Coal is cheap, copiously available and already good established. It produces unacceptable degrees of nursery gas emanations and in some instances acid emanations. Oil and its by-products are already a monolithic substructure. It produces a monolithic sum of nursery emanations, pollutants, causes monolithic planetary political jobs and is fast running out. It is a short term cheap option. Methane or natural gas is similar to oil in many respects. It produces nursery gases ( although less than oil ) and is besides running out as a resource. It every bit good, still remains an low-cost option. Decision Wind power has and continues to maturate and leads the battalion of alternate and sustainable energy beginnings. The efficiency, handiness and acceptableness make it the best practical environmental option. The little and acceptable impacts of air current power are negated when sing the sum of nursery gas production and ensuing clime change/warming ( Maslin 2004, p.16-17 ) from more traditional beginnings of power. Wind power, nevertheless, is non wholly stable as a base entirely beginning of power and is best applied with other signifiers of renewable power coevals as portion of an incorporate energy production system ( e.g. Wind/Solar, Wind/Nuclear, ECT ) . As such air current power is a feasible beginning of power for energy hungry metropoliss where the resources are available to take advantage of it. The chief resistance to weave power is non technological ; it is political. However, the hereafter of air current power looks bright as the investing continues to flip projectile, as in the instance of Spanish investing ( Montes 2005, p. 477 ) . Wind Power is decidedly a feasible option for energy hungry metropoliss that have the resources to set wind energy in topographic point. How to cite Wind power, Essay examples

Break Up Of Yugoslavia Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Break Up Of Yugoslavia Essay, Research Paper THE BREAK-UP OF YUGOSLAVIA The Part Played by Serbia From the minute it was promulgated the Yugoslav Constitution of 1974 forced ferocious resistance ftom Serbian patriots of assorted political skin colors # 8211 ; chiefly on history of its confederal component, particularly the considerable grade of liberty granted to Vojvodina and Kosovo. A programme for the annulment of the 1974 Constitution and for the formation of a Unitarian province was drawn up in the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences ( SANU ) . It was they who in 1986 composed what has come to be called the # 8220 ; Memorandum # 8221 ; , sketching a policy for the creative activity of # 8220 ; Greater Serbia # 8221 ; . It clearly describes a program for the political brotherhood of Serbs in Serbia and those outside the Serbian boundary line, and for the abolishment of liberty in Vojvodina and Kosovo. As a political pronunciamento the Memorandum was a device for the devastation of Yugoslavia, advancing, as it did, the thought of the # 8220 ; entire national and cultura l integrating of the Serbian people # 8221 ; , irrespective of where they lived. It envisaged all Serbs in one province, whether it was called Greater Serbia or Yugoslavia. This policy was a direct menace to all the non- Serbian peoples in Yugoslavia. The Memorandum was a design for the division and decomposition of the state. The adult male who was to set the program into pattern emerged in the individual of Slobodan Milosevic, who became the leader of the Serbian Communist Patriots at the 8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communist of Serbia in 1987. With his reaching the policy of the Memorandum began to be put into pattern. As a first measure a democrat and chauvinistic motion was started, made up of members of the Serbian League of Communists, assorted utmost patriot groups, intellectuals, the Serbian Orthodox Church and the media. It made usage of mass meetings to convey force per unit area to bear on all those who opposed it or did non subscribe to its purposes. It was in fact an confederation of left- wing ( authorities ) forces and right-wing forces which had merely begun to form openly. The first purpose of the populist motion was to retrace Serbia within the federation. To this terminal strong political and moral force per unit area was brought to bear on politicians in the independent states of Vojvodina through mass meetings under the pretense of an anti-bureaucratic revolution. Meetings of this sort were held throughout Serbia during 1988 and 1989 and inflamed Serbian nationalist sentiment. On 28 March 1989, on the crest of this moving ridge, amendments to the Serbian fundamental law were enacted, by virtuousness of which Serbia became a individual Unitarian province with cardinal authorization using to the full district. De facto the liberty of Hungarians and Albanians was abolished by the abolishment of the independent position of Vojvodina and Kosovo, and the federal fundamental law of 1974 was therefore abrogated. On 28 June 1989, in a address in Kosovo, Slobodan Milosevic declared that any resistance to this vision of a new order in Yugoslavia would be crushed by force of weaponries. On 29 September 1989 a new fundamental law was approved and the federal fundamental law of Serbian 1974 was eventually buried. In the formal legal sense, by its new fundamental law, Serbia dealt a fatal blow to the Yugoslav federation. It was through this violent, one-sided alteration to the 1974 fundamental law by Serbia that Yugoslavia ceased to be and non because of sezession by Slo venia and Croatia # 8211 ; a Serbian statement that has been accepted by some people in the West. There now followed an effort to retrace Yugoslavia on Serbian lines, an effort to recognize the program outlined in the Memorandum, by the enlargement of Serbia. Following the national homogenisation within Serbia, the Serbian leading set about homogenising the Serbian population throughout the district of Yugoslavia ( # 8221 ; All Serbs in one province # 8221 ; ) , irrespective of the cultural construction and the rights of other states. The Position of Croatia The Communist leading in Croatia did non respond to the Serbian political offense until the terminal of 1989, inhibited no uncertainty by the high proportion of Serbs in the province and Party setup ( # 8221 ; the Croatian silence # 8221 ; ) . At the terminal of 1989, nevertheless, it was decided to let multi-party elections in Croatia, and accordingly a set of democratic, non- Communist parties emerged: the Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) # 8211 ; the Croatian Social Liberal Party ( HSLS ) and a figure of other smaller parties. The Croatian Peasant Party was revived, along with a figure of other parties. On 15 February 1990 the Croatian Parliament ( Sabor ) passed a gesture naming for multi-party parliamentary elections, and on 20 February issued a declara-tion on electoral rules. Voting took topographic point in two unit of ammunitions in April and May, and the Croatian Democratic Union gained a bulk. Therefore, a democratically based government was established. Even in the runup to the elections Belgrade had launched statements refering the # 8220 ; menace # 8221 ; to Serbs in Croatia the purpose being to mobilise the Serbs in Croatia to oppose the new authorities and utilize them to recognize the Greater Serbia program. The Serbian minority was organized in the Serbian Democratic Party ( SDS ) , which gained five parliamentary seats in the first multi-party elections. To get down with it seemed as if these members, in malice of their utmost political positions, would esteem the regulations of parliamentary process. But the SDS shortly declared that it was boycotting such process and hence-forth had recourse to terrorist tactics, inciting an armed rebellion of the Serbian minority against the democratically elected authorization of the Republic of Croatia. The first unfastened mark of rebellion was the obstructor of route and rail communicating in all those parts of Croatia where there was a ample proportion of Serbs ( known as the # 822 0 ; barricade revolution # 8221 ; ) . Discussions on the Restructuring of Yugoslavia The political crisis in Yugoslavia grew progressively acute as Serbian force per unit area to change the constitutional construction of the stiffly centralised province mounted. The leading in Slovenia and Croatia drafted and proposed a allied theoretical account for reconstituting the state. It became progressively obvious, nevertheless, that Serbia meant to enforce its will by force. The menace of force seemed all the more existent in that Serbia had long held a dominant place in the Federation, particularly in the Army and the constabulary. The Presidium of Yugoslavia several times discussed posible constitutional alterations. At one of these Sessionss in the center of September 1990 a joint Croatian and Slovene proposal for a alliance was rejected. Any treatment on the reorganisation of Yugoslavia in fact turned out to be bootless. Serbia was determined to enforce its ain solution at any monetary value, declining to imagine any solution of the place of Serbian cultural communities outside Serbia other than their inclusion in a individual crowned head province, federative in signifier, butcentralistic in consequence, and under Serbian domination. The Serbs would non accept to any other agreement for the restructuring of Yugoslavia. Croatian Reaction to Serbian Threats of Aggression Through its intercession Serbia radicalized dealingss within Croatia, and exploited the terrorist wing of the Serbian minority in the involvements of the Greater Serbia program. At the terminal of December 1990 a new fundamental law was promulgated in Croatia which declared the Republic of Croatia to be # 8220 ; an built-in and indivisible democratic societal province in which power is derived from the people and belongs to the people as a community of free and equal citizens # 8221 ; ( Article 1 ) . On 21 February 1991, in position of the progressively existent chance of an onslaught on Croatia by the Yugoslav National Army, the Croatian parliament passed a gesture on the defense mechanism of constitutional order in the Republic of Croatia and a declaration accepting a process for sezession from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which envisaged the possibility of association within a brotherhood of autonomous democracies. Serbia now began to step in more and more openly in the internal personal businesss of the Republic of Croatia, particularly by exercising influence on the Serbian minority. For this ground, on 17 April 1991, the Republic of Croatia published a declaration impeaching the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia of interfering in its internal personal businesss, and the following month, on 2 May 1991, a gesture O.K.ing a referendum on the sovereignty and independency of Croatia. This referendum was punctually held on 19 May 1991. It consisted of two inquiries. 1. # 8220 ; Are you in favor of the Republic of Croatia as a crowned head and independent province which guarantees cultural liberty and all civil rights to Serbs and members of other nationalities in Croatia, come ining into a brotherhood of autonomous provinces with other democracies ( in line with the proposal put frontward by the Republic of Croatia and Slovenia as a agency of deciding the political crisis in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ) ? # 8221 ; 2. # 8220 ; Are you in favor of the Republic of Croatia staying in Yugoslavia as an built-in federal province ( in line with the proposal put frontward by the Republics of Serbia and Montenegro as a agency of deciding the political crisis in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ) ? # 8221 ; 93.24 % of ballots were cast for the first proposal and no more than 5.38 % for the 2nd, i.e. for Croatia staying in Yugoslavia. On the footing of the referendum the undermentioned gestures were passed: 1. # 8220 ; The Republic of Croatia, as a crowned head and independent province quaranteeing cultural liberty and all civil rights to Serbs and members and other nationalities, may come in into a brotherhood of autonomous provinces with other democracies. 2. The Republic of Croatia will non stay within Yugoslavia as an built-in federal state. # 8221 ; On 25 June 1991, the parliament of the Republic of Croatia ( at the same clip as the Slovene Assembly ) passed a constitutional gesture declaring the sovereignty and independency of the Republic of Croatia, and this gesture became Article I of the fundamental law. By this gesture, Croatia began the procedure of dissociation from the other federal democracies of Yugoslavia. It besides began the procedure which was to take to international acknowledgment. Henceforth, merely the statute law of the Republic of Croatia was valid in Croatia. In this manner Croatia reclaimed all those rights and duties which, under the fundamental law of Cro atia within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, had been surrendered to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was stated that # 8220 ; the process for the transportation of rights and duties will be regulated by a constitutional measure # 8221 ; . The constitutional gesture was accompanied on 25 June 1991 by a Declaration proclaiming Croatia to be a autonomous and independent Republic, and a Charter of the rights of Serbs and other cultural groups within the Republic of Croatia. This gesture and the Declaration of the sovereignty and independency of the Republic of Croatia were in response to the aggressive attitude of the Republic of Serbia and the Yugoslav National Army towards Croatia and the Croatian people during 1989, 1990 and 1991. Resistance to the authorization of the Republic of Croatia by members of the Serbian minority intensified, particularly in the alleged Krajina which harmonizing to the Serbian program was supposed to go portion of Greater Serbia. Terrorist groups from the hawkish wing of the Serbian Democratic Party openly aided and abetted the operations of the Yugoslav National Army, which was progressively going a Serbian ground forces. Armed struggle that had started in the spring of 1991 escalated at the beginning of August in the same twelvemonth. In Croatia unfastened warfare was strike harding at the door. Terrorists of the minority attacked Croatian towns, constabulary Stationss and other establishments. The Army, i.e. the Yugoslav National Army, acted the portion of # 8220 ; impartial conciliator # 8221 ; , but in fact supplied the insurrectionists with weaponries and every other sort of equipment. Soon what had been terrorist packs became official organisations. With the assistance of the Yugoslav Army and extremists among the Serbs in Croatia, Serbia now embarked on a war of conquering. It was non a civil war, but merely a run of conquering in which the Yugoslav National Army and other Serbian forces began the systematic devastation of Croatia. In September 1991 the Yugoslav Minister of Defence, General V. Kadijevic, despatched the first armored column from Belgrade into Croatia, and by the terminal of September 1991 full-scale war was ramping in the state. The Serbian ground forces bombed and shelled Croatian towns and metropoliss by land, sea and air # 8211 ; Vukovar, Osijek, Vinkovci, Sisak, Karlovac, Gospic, Zadar and Sibenik. For yearss on end the whole of Croatia was capable to air raid warnings and general qui vives. The Army and Serbian Rebels wrecked infirmaries, babys room schools, schools, industrial workss and power Stationss. They burned down full small towns and murdered the Croatian dwellers. In September Osijek was shelled to a great extent for 36 hours on terminal, and Vinkovci suffered the same destiny. Vukovar was persistently and consistently destroyed until nil was left but ruins. Other topographic points in eastern and western Croatia, in Lika, Banija and Dalmatia were likewise attacked. Cultural hoarded wealths and historical metropoliss like Dubrovnik were treated in the same ruthless mode: Serbs and Montenegrins bombarded Dubrovnik with every arm. In September, October and November 1991 Croatia found itself contending for bare endurance. In response to the aggression, and in order to guarantee its ain endurance, the Croatian parliament on 8 October 1991 declared that it was break uping all functionary and legal ties with Yugoslavia. This political act of self-defense was necessary to continue the corporate being of Croatia faced with a combined military onslaught by the Yugoslav Army, the Republic of Serbia and portion of the Serbian minority in Croatia the purpose being to maintain Croatia in Yugoslavia by force. After this onslaught and all that Croatia suffered as a consequence, it could non perchance remain in a common province with Serbia. The Croatian leading did all it could through its long- standing offer of a allied understanding to decide the Yugoslav crisis. But Serbia and the Yugoslav Army were now on the manner of set uping Serbia. The war shortly made copiously clear what Serbian and Yugoslav war purposes truly were. Their premier object was to coerce Croats and other non- Serbian dwellers of Croatia to mass hegira through barbarous panic and the combustion or destruction of Croatian small towns and towns. The Serbian Fascist leader, Vojislav Segelj, proposed the usage of napalm bombs in the conflict against the Croats. A 2nd war purpose was the devastation of cultural memorials in order to kill the Croatian national individuality and destruct any grounds that Croats had of all time existed on the district of Croatia. A farther object was to destruct the economic and ecological conditions indispensable to the life in Croatia. The ultimate purpose was to put up a hindquarters Yugoslav province or Greater Serbi a that would integrate occupied Croatian district. In this manner Serbia tried by force to redefine the frontiers between the democracies of a Yugoslavia that in fact no longer existed. Croatia # 8217 ; s International Situation On 7 July 1991, following a brief war between the Yugoslav National Army and Slovenia, a ministerial deputation of the European Community arrived in Yugoslavia. The curates held treatments with representatives of all the democracies. This was the start of the internationalisation of the Yugoslav political crisis. The ministerial three were meant to fix the manner for treatments between the conflicting parties. On 7 July 1991 a joint declaration was issued ( the Brioni declaration ) puting down the rules for a pe aceful declaration of the crisis. A codicil to the declaration envisaged the presence in Yugoslavia of a group of perceivers from the European Community. Their first undertaking was to oversee the backdown of the Yugoslav National Army from Slovenia. Croatia, faced with the at hand menace of war, asked for the observer’s mission to be extended to include Croatia. This was done by a memoranda of understanding affecting the extension of the observer’s activities and their missions in Yugoslavia from 1 September 1991 on the footing of the Brioni understanding of 7 July 1991. The class of events suggested that Europe would non be able merely to stand aside. A Declaration on Yugoslavia was issued at an extraordinary meeting of the European Community on 3 September 1991 in the Hague. Stating that â€Å"the Community and its member provinces call on all parties purely to detect their duties under the cease-fire understanding and the Memorandum of Agreement. On the footing the Community and its member provinces will convene a Conference on Yugoslavia under its protections in the Peace Palace in the Hague, on 7 September 1991, and will at the same time set up arbitration procedure† . In this declaration the extension of the European Community’s observer mission to Croatia was confirmed. Who was to be present at the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia? In the first topographic point, the Presidium of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the federal authorities and the presidents of the democracies. The proceedings were to be chaired by a British diplomat, Lord Carrington. The undertaking of the Conference was to follow an agreement that would fulfill the conflicting aspirations of â€Å"the Yugoslav democracies on the footing of the undermentioned rules: the inadmissibility of one-sided alterations in frontiers through the usage of force, the protection of the rights of all states of Yugoslavia, taking full history of their purposes and a spirations† . The international Conference on Yugoslavia so got under manner. Therefore, on 4 November 1991 the Hague Convention, better known as the Memoranda on the Convention ( the 4th version of the EC Convention of the Hague Conference, Den Haag, 4 November 1991 ) was passed. The first Article of the First Chapter stated: # 8220 ; 1. New relationships between the democracies will be based on: a ) the sovereignty and independency of the democracies with internationally recognized character and position for those democracies which wish it ; B ) the free association of democracies with internationally recognized character and position, as provided for by this Convention ; degree Celsius ) comprehensive agreements that include a mechanism for the supervising and protection of human rights and the particular position of peculiar groups and parts ; vitamin D ) a common province consisting of democracies with equal rights for those democracies which wish to stay within a individual common province ; vitamin E ) the engagement of European establishments, where this seems appropriate ; degree Fahrenheit ) the acknowledgment of the independency of those democracies which wish it, within their present frontiers, unless otherwise agreed # 8221 ; . The 2nd Chapter called for a warrant of civil rights and the rights of peculiar cultural groups. Croatia was interested in every regard in the first alternate # 8211 ; a crowned head and independent province with internationally recognized character and position within its bing frontiers. In an sentiment handed down by the arbitration committee of the Conference on Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991 it was stated that the democracies had expressed a want for independency. Croatia and Slovenia had confirmed this by referendum on 25 June 1991 and had passed statute law abrogating their political and legal links with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Macedonia had done the same on 8 September 1991, while Bosnia and Herzegovina # 8217 ; s parliament had passed a declaration on the democracy # 8217 ; s sovereignty on 4 October 1991 which had been opposed by the Serbian representatives. It was further stated that the federal establishments of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia did non run into the demands of representation in a proper federal province, that recourse t o coerce had brought approximately armed clangs between different parts of the federation, and that the federation itself had proved incapable of taking any stairss whatsoever to forestall such clangs, since it was the federal authorities itself which had provoked them. # 8220 ; The arbitration committee of the Conference on Yugoslavia considered that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was in procedure of decomposition ; that the democracies were obliged to work out the jobs of replacement provinces which might originate from this procedure, in conformance with the rules and regulations of international jurisprudence and with particular concern for human rights and the rights of cultural minorities ; that those democracies which wished to make so might organize new associations which would hold democratic establishments of their ain pick # 8221 ; . Sing that the arbitration committee of the Conference on Yugoslavia had observed that # 8220 ; the Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia is in procedure of disintegration # 8221 ; , and since similar developments were taking topographic point in Central Europe, peculiarly in the Soviet Union, at the petition of the Council of Europe # 8220 ; curates had assessed the, state of affairs in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union with the object of working out a new attack to dealingss with the new provinces # 8221 ; . In that sense taking European politicians agreed on # 8220 ; a common policy in respect to the process for acknowledging these new provinces # 8221 ; , on status that they adhered to the charters of the United Nations, the Conference on European Security and Co-operation and the Paris Charter vouching human and cultural rights of minorities, the inviolability of frontiers, international understandings and international arbitration. The European Community so discussed internat ional acknowledgment of the new provinces in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. In a Declaration on Yugoslavia issued on 16 December 1991 the Community invited all the Yugoslav democracies to declare whether they wished to be recognized as independent provinces ; did they accept the duties contained in the afore- mentioned guidelines, did they accept the judicial admissions in the bill of exchange convention, peculiarly those in Chapter II on human rights and the rights of national and cultural groups discussed by the Conference on Yugoslavia, did they intend to travel on back uping the attempts of the General Secretary and the Security Council of the United Nations and the continuance of the Conference on Yugoslavia. Applications from those democracies which returned an affirmatory reply would be submitted by the Chairman of the Conference to the arbitration committee for their position before the day of the month on which a determination on acknowledgment of the democracies woul d come into force. A questionnaire was besides compiled saying the standard for international acknowledgment. The Republic of Croatia completed the questionnaire, saying that it fulfilled all the conditions for international acknowledgment that had been laid down by the European Community. Croatia unconditionally accepted all the # 8220 ; standards # 8221 ; for the independency of the new provinces in Eastern Europe, every bit good as a declaration on Yugoslavia agreed by a meeting of the council of curates of the EC in Brussels. The # 8220 ; standards # 8221 ; were accepted by the parliament of the Republic of Croatia, along with all relevant duties, i.e. the Charters of the United Nations, the Conference on European Security and Co-operation and the Paris Charter. Human rights were guaranteed by the 1990 Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, while Paragraph 3 of the gesture of 8 October 1991 specifically guaranteed the rights of minorities and cultural communities. These were one time more confirmed on 4 December 1991 in a Bill of Rights which laid down the rights and autonomies of persons and the rights of communities and cultural and national minorities in the Republic of Croatia. All these rights were farther guaranteed and confirmed by articles of the Cons titution, peculiarly Article 12 ( 2 ) , 15 ( cultural liberty ) and Article 83, a charter of the rights of Serbs and other minorities in the Republic of Croatia, which had been adopted by parliament on 25 June 1991. On the footing of the EC paperss, the independency of the Republic of Croatia was recognized on 15 January 1992. Constitution of Peace and Security in the Republic of Croatia The Vance Plan When the Republic of Croatia was internationally recognized more than a one-fourth of its district was occupied by the Yugoslav National Army and Serbian paramilitary formations. These forces instantly began the barbarous ejection of all the staying Croatian and other non-Serbian dwellers of the occupied district, at the same time destructing all cultural and spiritual grounds of the being of the Croatian people in these countries. They threatened a farther escalation of belligerencies, with even greater loss of life and devastation of belongings. In order to make conditions for the peace and security necessity for treatments on Croatia, but besides for work outing the Yugoslav crisis, the thought of a UN peace-keeping operation in Yugoslavia was suggested. Cyrus Vance, the particular minister plenipotentiary of the Secretary General of the United Nations, discussed the proposal with the Yugoslav leading. The program envisaged that the UN peace-keeping force would be under the bid of the Secretary General of the United Nations. The continued presence of the peace- maintaining force in Yugoslavia would depend on the state of affairs on the land # 8220 ; until treatments brought about a entire surcease of belligerencies # 8221 ; . The thought of a peace-keeping program, # 8220 ; which would non prejudice the result of the treatments # 8221 ; , depended basically on the appellation of zones under the protection of the United Nations ( UNPA ) . These were intended to be demilitarized zones, and demilitarization was to be ensur ed by UN units. The zones in Croatia under UN protection were meant to be the countries # 8220 ; for which the Secretary General believed that particular agreements were necessary to keep a armistice. They would be those countries where the Serbs constituted a bulk or a ample minority of the local population # 8221 ; . The program provided for three UNPA sectors: Eastern Slavonia ( Beli Manastir, the country E of the metropolis of Osijek, Vukovar, a figure of small towns in the furthest eastern parts of Vinkovci ) ; Western Slavonia ( Grubisno Polje, Daruvar, Pakrac, the western parts of Nova Gradiska, the eastern parts of Novska ) ; the # 8220 ; Krajina # 8221 ; ( Kostajnica, Petrinja, Dvor, Glina, Vrgin Most, Vojnic, Slunj, Titova Korenica, Donji Lapac, Gracac, Obrovac, Benkovac and Knin ) . The program provided protection for all the dwellers of the UNPA zoncs, and was meant to guarantee the return to their places of all those who had been driven out by force. Not one of these projects has been fulfilled to day of the month. On the contrary: the slaying and ejection of Croats from UNPA zones has continued unabated under the eyes of the United Nations forces. Under the # 8220 ; protection # 8221 ; of UNPROFOR the full Croatian population of the town of Ilok ( 7000 people ) was expelled, while terrorist onslaughts with heavy weapon and projectiles on Croatian towns and the civilian population have continued unabated. Attempt at a Final Peaceful Solution of the Crisis on the Territory of Former Yugoslavia The London Conference on Yugoslavia Under the protections of the British Prime Minister, John Major, who was at the clip Chairman of the European Community, and the Secretary General of the United Nations, Boutros Ghali, a conference on Yugoslavia was held in London between 26 and 28 August 1992. Representatives of four former Yugoslav democracies and the Federal authorities of Yugoslavia, of 12 EC states, the five lasting members of the UN Security Council, neighboring states, Canada, Japan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and others took portion. The London Conference was designed as a lasting consultative organic structure # 8220 ; until a concluding solution to the job of former Yugoslavia was found # 8221 ; . There were particular groups ( for Bosnia and Herzegovina, human-centered inquiries, minorities, the replacement provinces, economic dealingss, the establishing of assurance and security ) . The Conference stressed a figure of rules: 1. the resolution of jobs by understanding ; 2. the surcease of belligerencies ; 3. n o acknowledgment of district seized by force ; 4. regard for human rights ; 5. regard for the rights of cultural groups and minorities ; 6. disapprobation of # 8220 ; cultural cleaning # 8221 ; and the change by force of the bing cultural balance of populations ; 7. attachment to the footings of the 1949 Geneva Convention ; 8. regard for the independency, sovereignty and territorial unity of all the provinces in the part ; 9. mutual acknowledgment ; 10. a warrant of human-centered assistance. The London Conference besides adopted certain declarations associating to the surcease of the usage of force, the bringing of human-centered assistance, the abolishment of concentration cantonments, the debut of countenances, offenses against international human-centered conventions. In add-on, there was an of import declaration on Bosnia ( surcease of belligerencies, acknowledgment of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the inviolability of frontiers, the rights of all members of cultural roups and mino rities in line with the UN Charter and the legislative acts of the Conference on European Security and Co- operation, the return of refugees and displaced individuals, the constitution of democratic constructions, etc. ) , Serbia and Montenegro undertook to set an terminal to their intercession in Croatia and Bosnia and to make everything in their power to halt Bosnian Serbs prehending district by force of weaponries and throw outing the local non-Serbian population. They undertook to esteem the rights of citizens of Vojvodina, Kosovo and Sandjak, to vouch the security and inviolability of frontiers, to normalise dealingss with Croatia, to make away with concentration cantonments, etc. The London Conference, with all its rules and declarations, nevertheless, remained no more than a dead missive. From the retention of the Conference, right down to the terminal of August 1993, the bulk of its rules, recommendations and adhering clauses have been infringed infinite times without the international community doing any effectual response. The London Conference was no more than a conceited effort to work out the crisis in Yugoslavia. As go-between in London and The Hague, Lord Carrington proceeded on the premise that the attacker and the victim ( Serbia and Croatia severally ) should be treated on an equal terms, and that Yugoslavia could be preserved. He absolutely failed to hold on the significance of a struggle between two unreconcilable political stances: the aggressive Greater Serbian attitude and the defensive function of Croatia. One of the major errors of this effort at mediation was the failure to put the arms of the Yugoslav National Army in Slovenia and Croatia under effectual control. Incorrect appraisals, indecisiveness, false optimism alternatively of effectual mollification led to an escalation of belligerencies. Carrington # 8217 ; s mission made it possible for the Serbs to # 8220 ; purchase clip # 8221 ; , which they used to prehend even more territory. This procedure continued under Carrington # 8217 ; s replacement, Lord Owen, practically to the point where the Serbs had occupied all those countries they thought indispensable for the constitution and consolidation of Greater Serbia. The Croats and Moslems in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one time they at last understood that the international community, in malice of all its declarations to the contrary, intended to acknowledge the consequences of the Serbian business, themselves became involved in a conflict to procure a modicum of life infinite for themselves from what was left of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The international community could take a breath more easy, because, after neglecting to move, it had now found its alibi in this # 8220 ; war of all against all # 8221 ; .

11 Challenging Words Starting With A for Spanish Students

11 Challenging Words Starting With A for Spanish Students Here are 11 words beginning with A that can pose some difficulty for Spanish students. Learn these, and youll be well on your way to improving your use of the language. a: As a common preposition, a has at least six uses. It usually means to but can also be translated by other prepositions or used as a type of connecting word. Sometimes, as with the personal a, it need not be translated at all. No fuimos a la playa. We didnt go to the beach. Llegamos a Guatemala a las 17 horas. We arrive in Guatemala at 5 p.m. Conocà ­ a la superestrella en Buenos Aires. I met the superstar in Buenos Aires. adonde and adà ³nde: Adonde and adà ³nde usually mean where, but only in cases where to where or some variation of that could be substituted in translation. In other words adà ³nde functions much as a dà ³nde would and indicates motion to a place or in a direction. Es una pequeà ±a playa pà ºblica adonde mis padres nos llevaban en verano. Its a small public beach (to) where my parents took us in summer.  ¿Quà © pasa si adà ³nde viajamos es otro planeta? What happens if where were traveling (to) is another planet? al: Al is one of Spanishs few contractions, combining a and el, a word for the. When al means to the, its use is straightforward. However, al followed by an infinitive is a common way of explaining that something happened after the action represented by the infinitive. Paulina y yo vamos al zoo para ver los animales. Paulina and I are going to the zoo to see the animals. Me alegrà © al encontrar algunos de mis amigos en el centro. I became happy when I found some of my friends downtown. aparentemente: Depending on the context, aparentemente can suggest more strongly than does the English apparently that things may not be what they seem. Est aparentemente feliz, pero est a punto de pedirle el divorcio. Shes supposedly happy, but shes on the verge of asking him for the divorce. apologà ­a: An apologà ­a is a defense of a position, as in a legal case or an argument. It is not used to express regret. No hay apologà ­a del terrorismo. There is no defense for terrorism. asistir: Although asistir can mean to assist, it much more often means to attend a gathering or event. Gracias a todos que asistieron mi concierto anoche. Thanks to everyone who attended my concert last night. El gobierno le asistià ³ con una pensià ³n hasta el final de sus dà ­as. The government assisted him with a pension until the end of his days. atender: Atender can mean to attend in the sense of attending to someone but not in the sense of attending an event. El doctor atendià ³ al futbolista en el hospital durante su grave enfermedad. The doctor attended to the soccer player during his serious illness. aun and aà ºn: Although aun and aà ºn are both adverbs, the first is usually used to indicate even as in the examples below, while the latter usually indicates an action continues and can be translated as still or yet. Aun este aà ±o no tengo nada. Even this year I dont have anything. Ni aun yo puedo entenderlos. Not even I can understand them. He configurado mi dispositivo, pero aà ºn no puedo usar la internet. I have configured my device, but I still cant use the Internet. Or, I have configured my device, but I cant use the Internet yet. aunque: Aunque is the most common way of saying although; often it is better translated even though or even if. If the verb that follows refers to something that already happened or is happening, it must be in the indicative mood, while a verb referring to the future or a hypothetical event must be in the subjunctive. Todo est bien aunque me tragaron los mosquitos cuando me fui de camping. Everything is fine even though the mosquitoes ate me up when I went camping. (Tragaron is in the indicative because it refers to a past event.) Crean una pila que no hace daà ±o aunque los nià ±os la traguen. They are developing a battery that causes no harm even if children swallow it. (Traguen is in the subjunctive mood because the event is yet to happen or is theoretical.) Sources: Sample sentences have been adapted from the following sources: TripAdvisor.es, Diario Norte, Marcianitos Verdes, Facebook conversations, El Zol 107.9, Zendesk, Goal.com, La Nacià ³n (Argentina), Twitter conversations, Cuba Encuentro, LaInformacià ³n.com and Diario Correo (Peru).

The sociological viewpoint toward social problems

The sociological viewpoint toward social problems According to Crone (2011), there are many ways that sociology can help in solving the present problems in the society. Sociologists can enlighten the society about the problems, conduct research about the problem and give report to the public on what needs to be done.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The sociological viewpoint toward social problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research performed by sociologists can be used by policy makers to address the problem, analyze the existing policies and see if they are working properly or not. In his book, James provides some steps that sociologists can use in solving social problems. Some of the social problems discussed in the book include; violence, inequality, Gender inequality, crime, and drug abuse. Raising society’s awareness The first step towards solving social problems is raising the society’s awareness. He suggests that sociologists can do this by analyzing the social phenomena to recognize new social problems that may have developed in the society. According to Leon-Guerrero (2011), social problems can be described as those issues that affect most people directly or indirectly. Social problems can also be viewed as issues that affect all members of the society. They affect the society and are beyond the influence of an individual regardless of his or her power. Once a problem has been identified, sociologists can inform the public through the media and or report to political authorities about their findings. Sociologists can act as whistle blowers by enlightening the society about what they feel is a social problem. Presently, social media also provide a good avenue where people can air their views. Sociologists can use social media platform to excite members of the public to think about social problems. Sociologists can identify social problems based on certain sociological guidelines.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, whether the social condition is harmful to people’s lives and how many people could be affected by that condition. Sociologists can also raise awareness by writing articles and publishing books about social problems. James point out that through publications and teaching activities, sociologists are able to make people to perceive certain social conditions as problems. Raising awareness is an important step in seeking solutions society’s problems in the long run (Crone, 2011). Conducting research Another important step that sociologists can use in solving social problems is conducting research. It is the responsibility of sociologists to research on issues that affect the society. Research not only provides useful information about the society’s problems but also helps in finding the most suitable ways of solving such problems. In addition, research helps to validate the existing theories and modifies them to suit the prevailing conditions. Research helps sociologists to identify problems based on their standards. For example, based on statistical research and the extent to which an issue is harmful to people’s lives, sociologists are able classify it as a social problem or not. Data collection forms a significant part of research. Sociologists can collect data about the victims of social problems by using accurate methods such as carrying out surveys, interviews, and direct observations. James mentions that policy makers can only develop good policies based on valid data collected. They can use some guiding questions to obtain accurate and useful data. For instance, sociologists can find out what the experiences of the victims are, how victims handle the social problem, and what happens in their lives that could be different from the rest of the society. Sociologists can also ask the victims to give t heir opinions about the solutions to the social problem. Data collected from research can also help policy makers to develop appropriate strategies and policies towards solving social problems.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The sociological viewpoint toward social problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Developing sociological perspective Developing sociological perspective is another step in solving social problems. Sociologists can steer members of the society towards developing sociological perspectives of viewing and solving social problems. Developing sociological perspective involves making the society to have an understanding of a social problem from the perspective of sociologists. For instance, sociologists can make people to see the negative effects of a social problem, thus stimulating them to think towards solving it. Most policy makers use sociological principles, hypothesis, theories, and studies to evaluate and seek solutions to social problems. According to James, sociologists can solve social problems by taking two actions. These actions include making necessary effort to communicate the results of their studies to policymakers and make them to develop a sociological perspective towards the social problem. This will help policy makers to acquire a deeper understanding of the causes, the effects and help them seek for appropriate solutions. Coordination of social policies Sociologists can also solve social problems by employing proper coordination of social policies. How social policy is carried out is a key step to solving social problems. Social problems can better be solved if novel social policies are coordinated well with the existing social policies. Sociologists should analyze how new policies and the existing policies would affect and or supplement each other. In addition, if sociologists feel that the two policies conflict each other, they can find ways of harmoni zing them with an intention of solving social problems. Implementation of social policies could fail or slow down without proper coordination of policies. Therefore, sociologists need to analyze and coordinate existing and new policies to solve social problems. Working towards a shared value is closely associated with coordination of policies.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though conflicting values of society members could lead to failure or slow pace of solving problems, having common values can be helpful in solving social problems. There are certain values that are widely accepted in the society. Some of these values include freedom, equal opportunity, equality, honesty, and democracy. According to crone, these values could form the basis for solving social problems. Developed policies that are consistent with shared values would be widely accepted by majority of people, which is very useful in solving social problems. Being realistic Finally, it is important to be realistic in solving social problems. Even though some social problems could be solved completely if they are addressed properly, most social problems would only be solved to a small extent. This is because solving some social problems conflict with political powers, vested interests, and the ideals of groups of people. This implies that most social problems would be bettered rather than solved fully. However, it is important to give social problems proper attention and visibility through the media to encourage the public to take action. When media persistently covers a social problem, it is likely to be addressed by policy makers completely. Therefore, sociologists should not have very high expectations of solving all social problems completely. Nonetheless, if the condition of the social problem is made better from time to time, it would eventually be solved completely. References Crone, J. (2011). How can we solve our social problems?. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press. Leon-Guerrero, A. (2011). Social problems: Community, policy, and social action. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Pine Forge Press.

Reading Stories with Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Stories with Children - Essay Example book was depicting the story of the princess more did not please him and there are many times that the child lost concentration and was distracted by some simple natural events taking place while I was reading the book. The reason why I uncovered the loss of concentration is the age of the child. The child was too young to understand issues revolving around relations and love. The child was only 6 yrs old and I asked him whether he liked the book and said that it was not very interesting. I consequently asked the kid why he had chosen the book if it was to bore him. However, the child offered me an answer that I did not expect. The child explained to me that he had chosen the book because he had heard the older sister talking about it and thought that it was appropriate to try reading it. The other story that I read the child is called Jack and the Beanstalk. While reading this book, I found a huge change in the manner in which the child responded. As opposed to previously, the child was more interested and this is noted from the questions that he asked as I was reading (Samuels 54). I experienced the fact that initially the child was a passive listener However, in this particular story, the kid was actually asking questions almost in every page that I was reading. I asked the kid what he liked about the book and he told me that he liked Jack and that he wanted to meet the king. When I further asked why he wanted to meet the king in the book he told me that he wanted to do this because he had read in class that the king is very strong and thus why he was eager to meet him. Another point that I noticed about the child is that he had more expectations than the ordinary 6 year old. The reason is that he expected most of the content in the book to have many cartoonist characteristics as used to the television that he was used to. The setting was critical for the kid as he understood that more serious situations in life do happen and this is more than what he was

Marketing report for a company that produces health organic food Assignment

Marketing report for a company that produces health organic food products - Assignment Example 200). To start with, is to develop a fresh product line which will aim at improving sales by at least 20%. Secondly, a â€Å"new and enhanced† commodity line to the already on hand customer base will be launched through conveying improvements and revisions. Furthermore, we intend to raise product awareness by at least 40% before the end of this year among the intended audience. Finally, carry out an extensive study on the different segments of the market and formulate new ways of satisfying each segment’s needs (Nash, 2000, p. 68). Market Segments Understanding market segmentation is very important since it will enable QOFPC to concentrate on satisfying the specific needs of its customers (Kotler et al, 2009, p. 200). Though mass marketing has its own advantages, it has also been criticized and companies are currently being advised to concentrate of micro-marketing where production is driven by market segments. There are different segments of the market that needs to be studies in order to know how to engage effectively on the production process. For instance, by QOFPC studying the behavior of its potential customers, it will be in a position to determine how to play between quality and low price in its search to satisfy all its customer categories (Schmid, 2007, p.102). First and foremost QOFPC needs to understand the demographic component of the market. This component takes into consideration things such as age, the size of the families of potential customers, gender, income, occupation, religion, social class, race and education. These demographic units are closely linked with consumer needs and preferences (Schmid, 2007, p.103). For example consumer needs change widely with age; a child may prefer very sweet food products as compared to an old person. Studying the geographic segment (focuses on regions, cities and rural and urban areas) is equally important since it will allow the company to identify the buying capability of its market. People in rural areas are mostly ignorant and have low incomes, hence, require different marketing strategies from those in urban areas (Nash, 2000, p. 70). By understanding these variations, the company will be able to estimate its market size and choose an appropriate media of reaching its market effectively. According to Kotler et al (2009, p. 205), the psychographic segment focuses on people’s lifestyles, socio-economic status, values/beliefs and personalities. Under this segment, psychology is applied to the demographic factors in order to have a clear understanding of the potential customers. People of the same age may have different beliefs that are likely to affect their tastes and preferences. The final market segment that needs understanding is the behavioral segment that focuses on: occasions, benefits, usage rate, attitude, readiness stage, user status and loyalty status. QOFPC needs to study the possibility of occurrence of occasions such as festivals that will boost i ts sales in order to target them effectively (Nash, 2000, p. 70). Moreover, since this company produces health organic foods, it will be of great importance to study individuals who exactly buy the products and their buying capability. Marketing Strategy Using Marketing Mix Marketing strategies aim at creating the value of customers, capturing and delivering that customer value and above all sustaining the customer value (Nash, 2000, p. 90). An appropriate marketing strategy calls for discipline blending and high flexibility.

The Human Rights Act 1998 and Parliamentary Sovereignty Essay

The Human Rights Act 1998 and Parliamentary Sovereignty - Essay Example Although Section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 provides for a limitation on the court’s power, in practice it appears as though it is the courts rather than Parliament that ultimately determines the extent to which human rights can be enforced and protected. 1 Section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 provides that courts are required to interpret national legislation in such a way as to ensure that they are consistent with human rights under the European Convention on Human Rights.2 However, in practice Parliament seemingly ceded parliamentary sovereignty relative to Convention rights to the judiciary. As Young notes, Section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 â€Å"could have the same effect as if it impliedly repealed the provisions of all statutes† that are inconsistent with Convention rights.3 Some members of the judiciary have expressed concerns over how the judiciary’s enhanced role under the Human Rights Act 1998 can be applied in a manner that corresp onds with Parliamentary sovereignty.4 Goldsworthy however, argues that concerns about the Human Rights Act 1998 usurping Parliamentary sovereignty and introducing judicial sovereignty are unfounded. The Human Rights Act 1998 does confer unprecedented authority upon the judiciary in terms of interpreting statutes so as to render them consistent with Convention rights. At the same time, the Human Rights Act 1998 does not provide the judiciary with the authority to â€Å"disapply† or â€Å"invalidate† those statutes.... Lord Hope observed that: The rule of law enforced by the courts is the ultimate controlling factor on which our constitution is based.10 Therefore from Lord Hope’s perspective, Parliamentary sovereignty has evolved with the implementation of the Human Rights Act 1998 and has not altered the UK’s constitutional principles and values. Lord Steyn, however alludes to a dual sovereignty shared by the judiciary and Parliament as a result of the Human Rights Act 1998.11 Keene argues that the Judiciary under the deference principles implicit in the Human Rights Act 1998, attempts to strike a fair balance between individual rights and â€Å"the need to respect Parliament’s proper function†.12 This balancing act can be observed in the judgment of Laws LJ in International Transport Roth GmbH v Secretary of State for the Home Department. In this case Laws LJ set fourth four guiding principles for judicial application and interpretation of Convention rights under the a uthority permitted by the Human Rights Act. To begin with, the courts must give deference to Acts of Parliament rather than to executive or other official decisions and measures. Secondly, there will be no deference in instances when the Convention calls for a fair balance or where the rights under the Convention are absolute. Thirdly, where parliament will be given deference in instances where the manner is within their constitutional prevue and less deference will be given when the matter is within the judiciary’s constitutional prevue. Finally: Greater or less deference will be due according to whether the subject matter lies more readily within the actual or potential expertise of the democratic powers or the

Evaluation of Data Protection Act in Childcare

Evaluation of Data Protection Act in Childcare Anna Karenina Magcamit 1.) Choose and evaluate four of the 8 Data Protection Act principles, providing examples of how these would be implemented in a child care setting. The importance of confidentiality and Data Protection for home based childcare When working in a childcare setting it is often inevitable to come across confidential information about children and families you are working with. Confidential information is personal information, which should not be shared with unauthorized person or organizations. It also means a child minder should never discuss a child with a friend or other parents. Most common information held by childcare practitioner are name, address, phone number, birth date, record of parent(s)’ and/or emergency contact details, the contact details of the child’s GP. All these information is to be kept confidential as individual have the right to keep information of this type private. The purpose of the Data protection Act 1998 is to regulate the use of personal information by business and organizations. In a childcare setting, childcare providers such as child minders will need to comply with the Act as they are often required to deal with and keep a large amount of information on each child. Therefore passing information to a third party without the parents consent is illegal. A court can prevent the disclosure of confidential information by injunction and where appreciate, award damages if unlawful disclosure has been made It is important to comply with the Data Protection principle when keeping children’s personal information that is covered by the act. http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Importance-Of-Confidentiality-And-Data-972526.html Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes. A child care provider should be specific about the reasons for requiring the information to be gathered, and what they are going to use it for. If, after collecting the data, it is decided to use the information for another purpose, consideration should be given as to whether this is fair to the individual. If you wish to use data for an additional purpose, further consent should be obtained from the individual and securely held. Good. Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date. The fourth principle is concerned with the accuracy of information that is held. In everyday business practice this is something which is not always easy to guarantee. However, the Act makes provision for this and asks employers to ensure that data is â€Å"reasonably† accurate. How could child carers ensure that their information remains accurate and up-to-date? Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes. This principle contains commonly asked guidance as to how long data should be kept for before it is destroyed. The Act is not specific about the length of time data should be held for, but gives guidance on good practice so that organizations are better informed to write their own policies. Appropriate technical and organizational measures shall be taken against unauthorized or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data. The types of data security used will vary depending on the size of the organization and the number of individuals that information is held on. Information security is concerned with the prevention of data being disclosed to those who may use it for illegal purposes. For example, fraud, identity theft and those working for organizations that could be at risk of harm by information being divulged. The Act requires that appropriate security measures are installed which are sufficient for the information that is being stored. What security measures can the child care setting take to prevent unauthorised processing of data? 2.) Evaluate the need for accurate, legible and up-to-date record keeping, and identify the consequences of non-compliance. It is important to keep records which are up to date to provide accurate, current, comprehensive and concise information concerning the condition and the care required for all individuals. All records which are produced weather written or electronic must be signed and dated; they must also be stored correctly in accordance with that data protection act 1998(The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK. Although the Act itself does not mention privacy, it was enacted to bring UK law into line with the EU data protection directive of 1995 which required Member States to protect peoples fundamental rights and freedoms and in particular their right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data.) It is vital that records are kept up to date, as this ensures that the individualâ€⠄¢s needs are being met, and may also help to reduce the likelihood of abuse; up-to-date is particularly important with regard to medication changes, food requirements and particular needs that a child may have,. In addition, up to date contact information is highly important. There is nothing worse than contacting a parent in an emergency and realizing that the mobile number on the child’s information form is an old one. Practitioners must make sure they record information clearly, accurately and up to date. The parents should have a free access to their children files; information should not be kept for longer than necessarily and always stored in a secure place. Every setting should have policies and procedures about how to record and store information which meet Ofsted requirements and are according with the government law Data Protection Act 1998. The policies should include information about different ways when comes to record information such observations, risk assessment, incidents, medical information about the child or special diet requirements, concerns or information about the child progress, record of any meetings or conversations with the parents and other professionals. Keeping records of every work it’s an essential part of a job when working with children. When recording information practitioner must: consult with the manager if he is unsure check any spelling errors when using a computer , store them in a place where nobody else have access to. keep the information clear, short and as accurate as possible so the other member can carry on if the key person is absent avoid using children’s names and pictures to maintain confidentiality when writing in observation sheet the record must show that the child’s needs has been met and identified in case of any concerns about the child practitioner must contact the manager first before making any notes some information needs to be recorded in a specific format or using specific templates according to Common Assessment Framework information which are stored on the computer must have the encryption software which design to encrypt computer data in a way that it cannot be recovered without access to the key. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Describe-Why-Is-Important-To-Record-1818045.html Your whole answer for this question has been taken from the above website. This is plagiarism as you are submitting another persons work as your own. You need to write your answers in your own words to demonstrate your understanding of the subject. If you wish to reference, you should include short quotations that support the points that you have made. You cannot include full answers as a reference. 3.) Explain the different ways of recording digital and paper records in the child care setting. Digital data- Digital data can be slightly more temperamental than paper records, due to the sometimes unpredictable nature of information technology. When recording data on a computer, it is necessary to ensure that adequate and reliable methods of backing up the data are employed so that if the computer malfunctions or becomes damaged, the files can be safely retrieved onto another system. For a home child care provider, the easiest way of backing up data is to use a portable hard drive which can be plugged in to the computer and data saved onto it, it should be stored in a safe place, which is preferably locked, as it will contain confidential information. It is good practice to take a regular (weekly) back up, so that a situation of data loss occurring is minimized. The data that is stored on the computer should be protected by a password. When you switch a computer on, the settings allow for a desktop password to be employed. This should be used so that if the laptop is ever stolen, the data contained within it will be safe. Paper storage- Paper records are generally more accessible, and so should be stored safely and securely depending of the type of information that is recorded. For example, child records and information relating to medication and special requirements may need to be easily accessible. However, financial information, particularly in a larger setting where staff may be employed, will need to be filed away in a locked cupboard or cabinet. 4.) Identify the primary types of data storage for digital and paper records, and evaluate the best option for a home childcare setting. Computer software- The advantages of using accounting software is that many reports are already written into the software that are required to be submitted to HMRC for tax purposes, which can cut down the amount of work when processing the end of year accounts. However, a disadvantage is that sometimes pre-designed accounting software does not give users the degree of flexibility that is required to design their own reports, and can sometimes prove time consuming and complex. As a child care provider, as previously discussed, it will be necessary to undergo regular that are pertinent to the business, and not personal financial records. Manual Records- it is perfectly possible to run a home child care, or larger child care setting, by using a manual accounting system. There are many excellent accounting books available to purchase, especially those through the National Child Minding Association which provides a range of stationery and accounting equipment for home child care providers. For me the perfect type of data storage to run a home child care setting is the Manual records because If updated regularly, manual records are just as useful for preparing end-of-year accounts, but they do not have the flexibility to construct individual reports; for example, a list of expenses month-by-month, or a list of annual income. This will need to be added separately. And not only school expenses or accounting department but also for all the records of the children all throughout the year, some documents need to be signed by the parents and the child carer so it is ideal to have the manual records. References: Data protection act 1998- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Act_1998#Offences http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Importance-Of-Confidentiality-And-Data-972526.html http://www.studymode.com/essays/Describe-Why-Is-Important-To-Record-1818045.html

The Health Benefits of Exercise :: Physical Exercise Fitness Health

Exercise is important for many reasons. If you do not exercise your body you will eventually loose it. Your body will become weak and you will loose muscle tone. Your organs won't function properly. Doing a few simple exercises each day will not only keep you fit but will also tone your body. Exercising for at least 30 minutes a day will improve your overall health. Not only does exercise help your body, it helps cleanse your mind. The good news is that you do not have to spend money to join a gym. You can achieve the benefits of exercise in the comfort of your own home. Yoga The word yoga originates from the Yuj which is a Sanskrit word meaning to join. It indicates joining all aspects of the human being. It unites the body with the mind and soul to bring fourth a joyful, balanced and useful life. Yoga spiritually combines the person with the principle. Research show that practicing yoga helps control anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, diabetes, stress, and more. Physically, yoga can increase your flexibility and strength. It can also improve your posture. Yoga – Information on the benefits of yoga and different beginner exercises to try. The Secrets of Yoga - Information on the different positions of yoga. Yoga, As a Lifestyle – A guide on everything you need to know about yoga. 10 Ways Yoga Can Improve Your Life- The different ways that yoga can improve your life. Some Important Aspects of Yoga – The different aspects of yoga such as Hatha Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Raja Yoga. Yoga:Tap into the Many Health Benefits of Yoga – Information on how yoga can help minimize chronic stress. Videos: Yoga – Learn yoga poses and positions. The Yoga Workout for Flat Abs – Yoga exercises that work your abs and heal your body making you feel relaxed. Pilates A system of the of the mind-body exercises are known as Pilates. Pilates were brought fourth by a man named Joseph Palates. Pilates can change the way your mind and body feel by building strength without developing mass, composing a smooth toned body with a flat stomach and slender thighs. Pilates help get your mind in tune with your body. The exercise focuses on proper breathing and helps correct spinal and pelvic alignment. Breathing properly is vital to achieve different movement and power while exercising. Pilates require concentration which allows your body move in a continuous and gentle flow.